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Lesson 14. Radioactivity. Dosimetry. Biological bases of the action of ionizing radiation on the body.

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  1. What is called radioactivity? How is this concept different from nuclear transformations?
  2. Write down the law of radioactive decay. Give a characteristic of the quantities included in the law.
  3. What is decay constant λ? What is half-life?
  4. What is called activity, specific activity? In what units is it measured? How does the activity of an isotope change over time?
  5. What is alpha radiation? What features does it have?
  6. Give a characterization of radioactive emissions.
  7. What biophysical effects does ionizing radiation have on living tissue?
  8. What are the characteristics of the interaction of charged particles with matter?
  9. What processes accompany the passage of ionizing radiation through a substance?
  10. What possible changes in a cell can occur under the influence of ionizing radiation?
  11. Give the definition of "radiation dose". In what units is it measured?
  12. What is the radiation dose rate (P)? For what purpose is this concept introduced? In what units is P measured?
  13. For what purpose is the definition "exposure dose X" introduced?
  14. What is the formula that can be used to calculate the exposure dose generated by a point source? In what units is the exposure dose measured?
  15. For what purpose is the concept of "equivalent dose H" introduced? What is Quality Factor or RBE? In what units is the equivalent dose measured?
  16. How are the doses related to each other: radiation (D), exposure (X), equivalent (H)? Explain the meaning of the dose linking factors.

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